P.108-110

P.108-110

C.Cross out (x) the wrong verb forms in the boxes and complete the garagraph.

I (has/had) a very good time during the holidays . We (spend/spent) two weeks with Aunt Susan’s family. My cousin and I (went/go) to the beach every evening. We (built/build) sand castles and (swim/swam) in the water. The huge waves (splashed/splash) all over us and we (are/were) completely wet in no time. We (bring/brought) home sea-shells and colourful pebbles. Uncle Tom (take/took) us to the zoo on one of the days. He (showed/show) us all the animals in their enclosures and (explain/explained) about them in detail. We all loved feeding the elephants. It (was/be) the most enjoyable time of the holidays.

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

*A verbs that takes a direct object to complete its meaning is a transitive verbs.

*A verb that does not need a direct object to complete its meaning is an intransitive verbs.

A. Underline the transitive verbs and circle the intransitive verbs in these sentences.

1. He wrote a letter. VT

2. Sam worked in a retail store. VI

3. Janet studies medicine at the University. VT

4. Linda sings beautifully. VI

5. Paul went to the mall last evening. VI

6. He slept heavily. VI

7. Gina was a famous artist. VT

8. Tim learned to swim last summer. VI

B. Underline the direct object in each sentence.

1. Michelle loves ice-cream and chocolates. VT

2. She eats ice-cream almost every day. VT

3. Her sister, Meg, does not like sweets. VT

4. Meg gave Michelle a box of chocolates on her birthday. VT

5. Michelle found the box under her pillow in the morning. VT

6. Meg  received a book as a gift form Michelle. VT

7. Meg enjoys reading. VT

C. Comple these sentences. Use the correct Past Tense form of the verb in the brackets. 

1. Tom lived in a house on the side of a hill. (Live)

2. Tom             thought            his house was nice. (Think)

3. One day, he             looked             across the valley at his house. (Look)

4. He                began   to pedal back to his house. (Begin)

5. He                saw      something that             made    him stop.( See, Make)

6. The rays of the sun              fell       on the windows of his house. (Fall)

7. The windows           shone   like a thousand rainbows. (Shine)

8. Tom             felt       that his house               seem    a magical place. (Feel,Seem)

D. Complete these sentences with suitable verbs of your choice. In the box alongside, write T for Transitive and IT for Intransitive.

1. Hamelin                   was      famous for the legend of the Pied Piper.                      IT

2. The Pied Piper         wore                a coat of many colours.                                   T

3. He                play     strange music on his pipe.                                                       T

4. Whenever he           played              , the rats                       cames  him.                 IT

5. Finally they             swam   in the river.                                                                  IT

6. The people of Hamelin                    felt       overjoyed.                                           IT

    

P. 99-107

P. 99-107

2.10 Direct and Indirect Objects

Direct Object

Underline the direct object in each sentence

1. Jane baked a pizza for her children.

2. Make  a list of your favorite books.

3. The home team won the match.

4. Who broke the vase.

5.The children play chess in the afternoons.

6. She always tells the truth.

7. I take music lessons twice a week.

8.Who wrote this book ?

9. Sally cleaned her room.

10. He opened the gate slowly.

11. The pigeons built a nest.

12. The lemon tree bore no fruit.

13. The chiildren built an enermous sand-castle.

14. Lou drives an expensive car.

15. Open the book to page 27.

Indirect Object

Underline the direct object and circle the indirect object in these sentences.

1. Jane made us coffee.

2. I teach English to foreign students.

3. The police are questioning the witness about the case.

4. This book gives travellers plenty of information.

5. Could you lend me your pen, please ?

6. Share your experience with us.

7. The painter showed them his new painting.

8. Did you give the message to Marge ?

9. The singers performed popular songs for the audience.

10. Show me the book you bought yesterday.

11. Grandmother left Jed all her books.

12. The students elected Greg the school captain.

13. The crowd cheered the players after the game.

14. My cousin sent me some rare stamps.

2.11 Nouns

(P.101)

Common Nouns and Proper Nouns

A. Underline the common nouns and circle the proper nouns in each sentence.

1. Tom would you like to come to picnic tomorrow ?

2. Paris is the capital city of France.

3. Gold and silver are used ti make jewels.

4. My parents are from Chicago.

5. The Nile is the longest river in the world.

6. The road is covered with snow.

7. Harry Potter is the name of famous wizard.

8.  Tim and Judy won the dance contest this year.

B. Write a common noun to match each proper noun.

1. New York  : Capital City

2. Christmas  : Festival, Holiday

3. Australia     : Country

4. Nile            :  River

5. Cinderella              : Charactor

6. Atlantic       : Ocean, Continent

( P.102-103)

A. Complete these sentences by using the plural form of the word given in the brackets.

1. The dogs fought over a bone.

2. This book is full of amazing stories.

3. Get me a couple of books from those shelves.

4. The farmer bought a pair of oxen from the neighbouring town.

5. None of the switches in this room is working.

6. How many countries participated in the World Cup Tournament?

7. Please clear the dishes from the table.

8. What are your hobbies?

9. The ground is covered with dry leaves.

10. The shepherd was worried that he had lost ten sheep.

Possessive Nouns

Complete these sentences using the possesive from of the word given in brackets.

1. My father got aphone call from my aunt's house.

2. Tom's pets are very cute.

3. Anna's parents are away on vacation.

4. Please buy some vegetables from the greengrocer's store.

5. It is dangerous to enter a lion's den.

6. Enid Blyton's stories are delightful to read.

7. A nightingale's call very melidious.

8. The soldier's guns were neatly arranged in a row.

9. Excuse me, could you help me find a store that sells men's shoes.

10. My sisters' names are Amy and Bella.

Compound Nouns

Write the plural forms of these compund nouns.

1. passer-by       : passers-by

2. blackboard    : blackboards

3. watering can : watering cans

4. great-uncle    : great-uncles

5. lighthouse     : lighthouses

6. household     : households

7. shopkeeper    : shopkeepers

8. handout          : handouts

9. knockout        : knockouts

10. son-in-law    : sons-in-law

Complete these sentences with the right form of the verbs given in the brackets.

1.       I woke (wake) up very early this morning.

2.       He sat (sit) watching birds in the park all evening.

3.       We went (go) to the cinema last Sunday.

4.       I saved (save) some money to buy a new bike.

5.       She waved (wave) good-bye to her parents at the airport]

6.       My mother baked (bake) some delicious biscuits today.

7.       Simon taught (teach) Science at a school before he took up a new job.

8.       She brought (bring) a tray full of sandwiches for all of us.

A.      Match the base forms of verbs in column A with the simple past forms in column B.

A	B
1.    fly 2.    preach 3.    meet 4.    thank 5.    call 6.    run 7.    tick 8.    send 9.    pay 10. steal 11. give 12. try 13. want 14. behave 15. tremble 16. speak 17. throw 18. catch 19. hit 20. make 21. draw 22. plan 23. seek	A.      paid B.      spoke C.      hit D.      flew E.       tried F.       wanted G.     met H.      stole I.        preached J.        threw K.      caught L.       made M.    called N.     sent O.     gave P.      thanked Q.     sought R.      drew S.       planned T.       ran U.     behaved V.      trembled W.    ticked

A.      Complete these sentences with appropriate appositives.

1.       My cousin ,mare, bought me chocolate

2.       My friend ,boss, has two dogs and a cat.

3.       Ome ,our English teacher has asked us to write an essay.

4.       My cat ,made, loves to sleep in the armchair.

5.       Greece ,a country in Europe, attracts many tourists.

B.      Underline the appositive phrases in these sentences.

1.       Mr Jones ,our neighbor bought a new car.

2.       Beethoven ,a famous musician, was completely deaf.

3.       Venus  ,the closest planet to Earth, is also the hottest planet in the Solar system.

4.       Coffee ,a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, is very popular all over  the world.

5.       Tibet ,a country in the Himalayas, is the highest region on Earth.

6.       Papaya ,a fruit that grows only in tropical countries, is very rich in iron.

Subject-Verb Agreement

Subject-Verb Agreement

The subject and the verb in every sentence must agree-both must be singular or both must be plural.

Active and Passive

Active and Passive

A verb is said to be in active voice when the action is performed by the subject of the sentence.

My father drives our car. Subject

 

A verb is said to be in passive voice when the action is being done to the subject in the sontence .

Our car is driven by my father. Subject

Tenses

Tenses

The Simple present and the present continuous Tenses

Verbs are said to be in the simple present form if the action denoted happens often or is repeated.

The action can be a daily routine or a hobby or a scheduled event.

-                   Do you drink coffee?

-                   My mother leaves home at 9’clock every day.

Verbs are in the present continuous foem if the action denoted is happening at the moment of speaking.

-                   It is raining.

-                   I cannot come with you. I am doing my homework now.

The Simple Past  and the Past Continuous Tenses

*The simple past tense is used to describe an action that happen in the past.

- John met Richard yesterday.

*The past continuous tense is used for action that continued for a while before the action interrupted them.

- He was sleeping when the phone rang.

(Past progressive)                              (Simple past)

The first past of the sentence describe somrthing that continued to happen before a new action.

Will  and Going to

*Will is used with the base form of the verb to talk about an action that may happen in the future.

- I will complete the essay tomorrow.

- George is very talented. He will become famous one day.

*Going to is used when we talk about a decision or plan made before the moment of speaking.

- I am going to invite all my friends.

    

transitive verb

The Transitive Ver transitive verb 

A transitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat, clean, etc. Second, it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the verb.

Here are some examples of transitive verbs:

Sylvia kicked Juan under the table.

Kicked = transitive verb; Juan = direct object.

Joshua wants a smile from Leodine, his beautiful but serious lab partner.

Wants = transitive verb; smile = direct object.

Cornelius painted the canvas in Jackson Pollock fashion, dribbling bright colors from a heavily soaked brush.

Painted = transitive verb; canvas = direct object.

Alicia wrote a love poem on a restaurant napkin.

Wrote = transitive verb; poem = direct object.

Antonio eats lima beans drenched in brown gravy.

Eats = transitive verb; lima beans = direct object.

Pinky the poodle cleans the dirty supper dishes with his tongue before Grandma loads the "prewashed" items into dishwasher.

Cleans, loads = transitive verbs; dishes, items = direct objects.

Important note: When no direct object follows an action verb, the verb is intransitive.

Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs

                                   

Regular Verbs and  Irregular Verbs

                          

Regular Verbs

A regular verb is a verb that follows this rule:

Past form of the verb = Present form of the verb + ed / d

For example, work is a regular verb because:

Past form of work = work + ed = worked

Dance is a regular verb too. That is because:

Past form of dance = dance + d = danced

We call the present form a base form, or V1 (Verb 1).

We call the past form V2 (Verb 2).

There is another form called V3 (Verb 3). That is the form that we use in the Perfect Tenses.

These are examples of Regular Verbs:

V1	V2	V3
help	helped	helped
open	opened	opened
stop	stopped	stopped
change	changed	changed

Irregular Verbs

An irregular verb is a verb that does not follow that rule.

For example, drink is an irregular verb because the past form of drink isdrank, and not "drinked".

Go is an irregular verb too. That is because the past form of go is went, and not "goed".

These are examples of Irregular Verbs:

V1	V2	V3
take	took	taken
buy	bought	bought
eat	ate	eaten
give	gave	given
leave	left	left
am	was	been

The English language has a great number of irregular verbs!